HNA1, but not HNA2, increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression in leukocytes from both healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis.
The aORs (95% CIs) for high versus undetectable serum AFB<sub>1</sub> -albumin adduct levels were 2.45 (1.51-3.98) for cirrhosis (p = 0.0003), 5.47 (2.20-13.63) for cirrhotic HCC (p = 0.0003), and 5.39 (1.11-26.18) for non-cirrhotic (p = 0.0368) HCC, respectively.
MPV correlated positively with stages of fibrosis/cirrhosis and grades of activity in liver biopsy at diagnosis and correlated inversely with serum albumin and age at presentation.
ROR-γ expression was elevated in hepatocyte cells treated with TGF-β1, and ROR-γ protein levels were elevated in the fibrotic mouse livers and human livers with cirrhosis.
The distribution of this polymorphism and its impact on the serum level of TNF-α was compared between 90 HCV-infected patients [45 with HCV-induced cirrhosis and 45 with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] and 45 healthy Egyptian volunteers without any history of liver disease.
To explore the expression of albumin (ALB), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis.
Albumin mRNA was not found in peripheral blood from normal humans (0 of 6), from patients with liver cirrhosis (0 of 10), from other tumors metastatic to liver (0 of 10), or during liver transplant surgery for cirrhosis (0 of 10).
A significant decrease was found in the hepatic expression of the SHH, IHH, and TGF-β1 pathways along with the expression of TAZ in tissue specimens with simple steatosis in comparison with patients affected by NASH cirrhosis and controls.
Using Northern blot analysis, we studied the expression of TGF beta 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver specimens from 42 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis and 12 subjects with either normal or fatty livers.
Furthermore, TLR-4 was highly expressed in CD14 <sup>+</sup> CD16 <sup>+</sup> monocytes isolated from patients with cirrhosis, whereas Tim-3 was negatively regulated by endotoxin and the correlation coefficient was -0.5287.
Expression of TLR2 was up-regulated (P < 0.01 to P < 0.05) in the PBMC of patients with high serum endotoxin levels, while TLR4 expression in patients at Child-Pugh stage A was down-regulated, irrespective of the origin (alcoholic or viral) of cirrhosis.
Somatic mutation in exons 3-5 of AXIN1 and exon 3 of beta-catenin were analyzed by direct sequencing and expression of axin and beta-catenin proteins by immunohistochemistry in a series of 36 patients with HCC and cirrhosis.
Although Stat3 expression and phosphorylation was not altered in HCV and ALD cirrhosis, Stat3 DNA-binding was not detected in all ALD and most HCV samples.
In order to evaluate the expression of Fas, FasL, and IL-1beta in different stages of human liver disease and to determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections modulate their expression, also in relation to apoptosis, we examined 87 liver samples obtained from patients with: chronic hepatitis (CH) (n.42), cirrhosis (n.9) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n.16) and corresponding peritumoural tissues (n.16); histologically-normal liver (n.4) as controls.
The results revealed that tissue and serum miR-21 was upregulated significantly in the groups of cirrhosis, early and advanced HCC compared with normal and fibrosis groups.
Moreover, miR-21 levels were independently associated with shorter transplant-free survival and may be used as a prognostic tool in outpatients with stable cirrhosis.
Expression of HO-1 was characterized in biopsy specimens of normal human liver and active cirrhosis by immunohistochemistry, and in cultured human hepatic myofibroblasts by Northern and Western blot analysis.
In conclusion, the elevation of miR-34a and miR-224 may be associated with both benign and malignant proliferative processes, nevertheless the increased expression of oncomiRs miR-21 and miR-222 in cirrhosis and HCC but not in FNH may be related to malignant processes of the liver.
Compared with control group and cirrhosis group, the serum AFP levels in HCC group significantly increased, and the tissue PI3K and Akt mRNA expression also significantly increased.